Motor-compressor apparatus



Jan. 31, 1928. 1,657,641

R. P. PESCARA MOTOR COMPRESSOR APPARATUS Original Filed June 5, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENT R l l a'fc wu P ATTORNEYS.

Jan. 31, 1928. v 1,657,641

' R. P. PESCARA MOTdR COMPRESSOR APPARATUS Original Filed June 5, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 'INVENTOR Rau/ a1rqJ fjt-Ycqra ATTORNEYS,

Patented Jan. 31, 1928.

UNITED STATES.

, 1,657,641 PATENT OFFICE.

RAUL PATEBAS PESOARA, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOB TO THE PESCARA & RAY- MON!) CORPORATION OF DOVER, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

mo'roB-comrnnsson arraanrus.

Original application filed Jane 5, 1825, Serial No. afl, 25b, and in France June 11, 1924. Divided and this application filed JannaryS, 198?. Serial No. 159,854.

The present a plication is a division of my a plication or Patent Ser. No. 35,250, filed une 5, 1925.

This invention relates to machines which 6 are at the same time roducei's and'transformers of energy, wit out mechanical connection with the outside, such'for example as motor-compressor units.

It has as its princiiipal object the nullify- 10 ing of the harmful c act of vibration due to the inertia. of. the mass of the oscillating piston.

The invention consists essentially in so mounting in a frame the cylinder of machines of the kind mentioned as to leave said cylinder free to oscillate in the direction of its axis. The cylinder thusnc'quires an oscillatory movement isochronous with that of the iston whose amplitude has a. constant relation with the corresponding stroke of the iston.

e mutual damping of the two oscillatory movements at each end of a stroke is accomplished by means of elastic bodies such as gaseousf masses compressed and interposesed between the piston and the cylinder en The invention further consists in utilizing the oscillatory movement of the cylinder to ensure, wholly or in part, the general distribution operations of the machlne. Among such operations I will guote, by way of example, the opening an closing of the orifices for admitting fresh gas, the openin and closing of the orifices for the exhaust o burnt gas, the ignition of the charge, these functions being fulfilled directly by the movement of the cylinder, provided with suitable ports and sleeves.

40 The invention thus generally described includes a large number of applications to which naturally the protection of the present patent should be extended, as also to a paratus of all kinds utilizing its prineip e, and to their separate arts.

The invention will e well understood by reference to. the construction hereinafter described and shown in the annexed drawings, which however, as must be clearly understood, are only given by way of example.

'In the accompanyingdrawings' Figure 1 is'a longitudinal section of a motor compressor unit constructed in accordance with the invention.

4 Figure 2 is similar to Fig. 1 and shows certain parts in a different position.

In accordance with the invention and referring more especially to its constructional form shown in Figures 1 and 2, supposing it is desired to make a motor compressor unit, this can be done as followsor in some similar way. In a fixed horizontal frame 10, having a smooth cylindrical bore, there is arranged a cylinder 11 having an easy fit within the frame 10. The cylinder 11 is closed at both ends'by the cylinder heads 12 and 13 rigidly connected to said cylinder; a gas tight piston 14 is free to oscillate within the cylinder 11.--

The face of the piston turned towards the head :12 receives the driving impulse, that facing the head 13 does the work of compression.

To this end, the head 12 carries two spring loaded valves 18 opening inwards, and admltting air from the atmosphere within the cylinder 11. This air is used for scavenging the cylinder 11, as will hereinafter appear.

Between the cylinder 11 and the frame 10 is arranged a sleeve 60, having an easy sliding fit, on the one hand, over the cylinder 11, and on the other hand in the frame 10. The sleeve 60 carries ports 61 capable of registering on the one hand, with ports 62 arranged in the cylinder 11, and, on the other hand, with orifices 63 in the wall of the frame 10, which communicate by means of a circular recess 64 with a carburetter 20. Finally the cylinder 11 is provided externally with two annular stops 65 and 66 adapted to limit the relative movements of the sleeve 60 with respect to the cylinder 11.

The cylinder 11 carries at 42 openings for the exhaust of the burnt gas, which can correspond with openings arranged in the frame 10. The said openings all lead into a circular channel 43 which leads to the exhaust orifice 44.

The ignition o the charge is efiected by means of a spar plug 45 arranged in the cylinder head 12 and connected by a wire 46 with a trip magneto 47. The magneto 47 is rigidly attached to the frame of the apparatus and is actuated by means of a pawl 48 fixed to the cylinder 11 and moving with it.

On the compressor side of the apparatus, the cylinder head 13 is provided with conduits 49 communicating at one end with the atmosphere and at the other with the interior of the cylinder. Automatic suction valves 50 thus allow the intake of air into the cylinder 11 when a vacuum is there produced by the movement of the piston 14.

The frame 10 carries laterally a circular recess 51 pierced with various openings 52, controlled by automatic discharge valves 53 which are loaded by springs 54. The recess 51 is in communication with a pressure reservoir 55.

The cylinder 11 further carries a series of ports 56 which are capable of registering with the openings 52.

The apparatus operates in the following we The reservoir 55 being filled with compressed air the piston 14 is brought so that its right-hand face is level with the ports 56, for example, by inserting a rod through the spark plug opening in the cylinder head. The cylinder 11 is positioned in such a way that its ports 56 correspond with the openings 53 in the frame 10. The spark plug 45 is replaced in position after gasolene has been injected into the cylinder 11. One of the valves 53 may be opened temporarily by means of the lever 153 so that compressed air from the reservoir 55 passes through the openings 52 and the ports 56 and acts on the compressor face of the piston.

This latter is thus forcibly pushed towards the cylinder head 12, in the direction of the arrow 57; after having passed the exhaust openings 42, it compresses in front of itself the air now highly carburetted with gasoline. The cylinder has also received the impulse of the compressed air and has started to move in the direction of the arrow 58. When the piston 14 arrives at the end of its stroke, the pawl 48 acts on the ma neto 47. A spark is produced at the spar plug 45 and the explosion of the charge takes place.

From now on the apparatus is in normal working condition and to explain its working more clearly I will examine what happens successively on the motor side and on the compressor side.

For ward stroke-D1ioing side. In Fig. 2 the cylinder 11 is impelled by the force of the explosion in the direction of the arrow 57 and the piston 14 in the direction of the arrow 58.

The sleeve 60 occupies the position shown in Fig. 2 and rests against the stop 66. The

iston 14 reaches the exhaust openings and met as its face opposite the cylinder head 12 uncovers the openings 42, these have come, owing to the movement of the cylinder 11, into communication with the channel 43. It is to be notedfthat the pass of the ports 61 and 62 over the orifice 63 15 not simultaneous and that no communication can take place between the interior of the cylinder and the carburettor 20.

Exhaust then takes place by the orifice 44. To this orifice is adapted a tube several meters long, in which the exhaust gases expand and acquire a great velocity. Their inertia thus creates, 1n the cylinder 11, a considerable degree of vacuum which sucks in, through the automatic valves 18, a large quantity of fresh air which scavenges the interior of the cylinder 11 and expels the burnt gases. The exhaust openings 42 are calculated so as to remain open during the whole of the movement of the piston 14 backwards and forwards, between the ports 42 and the end of its stroke towards the head 13. Towards the end of the stroke, the movement of the cylinder 11 is restrained and, at the dead point, the sleeve 60 slides by inertia from the stop 66 to the stop 65, towards the position shown in Fig. 1.

Oompressor side.

On the compressor side, the piston 14 and the head 13 of the cylinder 11 move towards each other, and produce at first a compression of the air contained in the cylinder space between the piston 14 and the cylinder head 13. This air, being unable to escape through the orifices 42 which are not in communication with the atmosphere except after the passage of the piston 14 is immediately driven into the reservoir 55 through the ports 56 and the openings 52, as soon as the pressure becomes suflicient to raise the weighted valves 53. Almost on arriving at the end of the stroke, the piston and cylinder damp their mutual movement on a gaseous mass which remains imprisoned between them and stores up enough energy to ensure the return of the piston 14 to the other end of its stroke.

Return stroke-Motor side.

The piston 14 and cylinder 11 are thus returned (Fig. 1) respectively in the direction' of the arrows 57 and 58 by the gas buffer. The piston 14 first drives before it the burnt gases which have followed it beyond the exhaust ports 42. But as beyond said ports these gases meet with a strong current of fresh air coming toward them, they are unable to pass into the part of the cylinder comprised between the ports 42 and the cylinder head 12. They are driven out through the ports 42 which are still open as already explained above. a

At this moment. the valves 18 are closed and the ports 61 and 62 coincide. The position of these ports is calculated with reward to the openings 63 in such a way that when the piston 14 is near the exhaust openings 42, the three openings 61, 62, 63 coincide. As there is still a certain amount of ill) "keg: .up by the inertia of the vacuum in the motor side of the apparatus uses in the ex ust tube, a certainquantity of very highly carbnretted air p from the carburettor into the cylinder 11 through the ope 61 62 and 63. Thecarburettor 20iseo adj their movement, the ports 61 and 63 cease to moment when the be in communication and the cylinder space is closed. At the end of the movement of the piston and cylinder, the sleeve 60, sliding on t e c linder, is again urged by inertia against he etc .66 and occupies the position shown in ig. 2,.90 thatthe openings 61 and 62 cease in turn to coincide.

The carbnretted air enclosed between the cylinder and piston is compressed until the pawl 48 actuates the magneto 47 and a free explosion of the charge is produced.

Compressor aide.

. The air-bade!- enclosed between the pistoncylinder hea 14 and the c linder .11, on the side of the 18, expands at once. The movement of these two parts next produces a slight vacuum which causes the automatic valves to lift.

Through the conduits 49, the cylinder 11 then fills with air, until the cessation of the movement at the instant of the explosion. It is interesting to note that the arrangement of the valves 50 in the cylinder head 13 oliers certain advantages. has their opening takes place when the bufier of air has reached its full'eipansion, that is to say, when no acceleration is acting on the dilfercnt oscillating bodies. Their closing, on the other hand, coincides with the com aratively sudden stoppage of the cylinder 1 and its sudden departure in an o posite direction due to the eliect of the exp osion. It is easy to see that the sudden acceleration caused by the movement of the cylinder 11 results in forcibly seating the intake valves 50 and in bringin about an extremely rapid closing of the con nits 49.

The movements of the piston 14 and. the cylinder 11 continue in this way indefinitely, ensuring the intake of carburetted air during one stroke of the cylinder and iston, and preventing any communication with the can iurettor unng the return, in the opposite direction. of these members.

The distributing device shown in Figures 1 and 2 is applicable to any of the distribad i 'ing a uting openings which have to be uncovered during apart or whole of the strolre of the piston 14, but which have to remain closed urinfi stroke in the opposite direction of s i piston.

1. nanaparetuacom r" a rumea cylinder, a il 'ee reelproca in mild cylinder, said cylinder being in call tee" to reciprocate with t to eai frame, and a distributing cylinder, said device com rising ports in said cylinder and orific'eein d frame, said ports and oriflcea'being'ada dto ter a one point of each travel 0 .the cyl er.

2. In an paratue comprising a frame, a cylinder, a in said (gain-dbl said cylinder being anioall -.to reciprocate with to on frame, adistribntmg device for said cylinder device com ports in saidoy der and oriiioesinsaid aud ports and orifices being adapted to register at one point of each travel of the cylinder, and a'inoveble device adapted to. block com munication between the ports and orifices when'the are in register during-movement of the oy 'nder in onedirection.

8. In an a ratus compriain a frame ?linder, a Elm re'oiproca g in ear nder," said cy 'nder being mechanical} free to reciprocate with respect to ca: frame, and a distributin device for the ports of said cylinder, sai device comprismg a sleeve arran d between the cgllxilnder and the frame and owing an easy eli g fit relative to the cylinder and to the frame.

4. In an a ratus comprising a frame, a cylinder, a piston reclprocatin in said cylinder, said cylinder being niecfianicall free to reciprocate with respect to sai frame, and a dist'ribu ports of said cylinder, sai

device for the device comprisfit relative to the cylinder and to t e frame, said c binder and frame having ports controlle by said sleeve.

5. In an a paratus comprising a frame, a cylinder, a piston reeiprocatin in said cylinder, said cylinder b01118, mec anically free to reciprocate with respect to said frame, and a distributing ports of said cylinder, -sa1 sleeve arranged between the cylinder and the frame an having an easy sliding [it relative to the cylinder and to the frame, said sleeve having ports capable of registering with other rts arranged in the cylinder and also wit orifices in the wall of said frame.

6. In an apparatus comprising a frame, a cylinder, 0. free piston reciprocatin in said cylinder, said cylinder beingtmec anically free to reciprocate with respect to said device comprisdevice for said device for the and the frame, and a. distributin device for the ports of said cylinder, saiii device compris- 11] a sleeve arran ed between the c linder an the frame and 'aving an easy sli ing fit relative to the cylinder and to the frame, said cylinder having stops for limiting the extent of motion of said sleeve.

7. In an apparatus co rising a tram a cylinder, a free iston rec procating in sai cylinder, said cy inder being mechanically free to reciprocate with respect to said frame, and a distributing device for the ports of said cylinder, sai device comprising a sleeve arran ed hetweez the cylinder frame an having a fit relative to the cylinder and to the frame,

one of said stops ensuring registration of ports in the sleeve with ports in the cylinder. 8. In an apparatus comprising a frame, a

cylinder, 9. free piston reciprocatin in'said cylinder, said cylinder being mec anically free to reciprocate with respect to said frame, and a distributin device for the ports of said cylinder, saifi device compriseasy sliding 1 infi a sleeve .11 ed betweenthe c linder an the frame and lia'ving an easy sli ing fit relative to the cylinder and to the frame, said sleeve ,having ports capable of registering with other o'rts arranged in the cylinder and also wi orifices in the wall of said frame, stops being provided on the cylinder for limiting the movement of the sleeve relative to the cylinder,'one o'fsuid sto s ensuring re 'stration of the openings in t e sleeve with t ose in the cylinder.

9. In'an a. paratus comprising a frame, a cylinder, a. ee'piston reciprocatin in said cylinder, said cylinder being mec ianically tee to reciprocate with respect to said frame, and a distributing device for said cylinder, said device comprisin ports in said'cylinder and orifices in said rame, said ports and orifices being adapted to register at one point of each t'ravel of the cylinder during the passage of the piston over said ports.

RAUL! PATERAS PESCABA.

frame, and a distributing device for the ports of said cylinder, said device comprising a sleeve arranged between the cylinder and the frame and having an easy sliding fit relative to the cylinder and to the frame, said cylinder having stops for limiting the extent of motion of said sleeve.

7. In an apparatus comprising a frame, a cylinder, a free piston reciprocating in said cylinder, said cylinder being mechanically free to reciprocate with respect to said frame, and a distributing device for the ports of said cylinder, said device comprising a sleeve arranged between the cylinder and the frame and having an easy sliding fit relative to the cylinder and to the frame, one of said stops ensuring registration of ports in the sleeve with ports in the cylinder.

8. In an apparatus comprising a frame, a cylinder, a free piston reciprocating in said cylinder, said cylinder being mechanically free to reciprocate with respect to said frame, and a distributing device for the ports of said cylinder, said device comprising a sleeve arranged between the cylinder and the frame and having an easy sliding fit relative to the cylinder and to the frame, said sleeve having ports capable of registering with other ports arranged in the cylinder and also with orifices in the Wall of said frame, stops being provided on the cylinder for limiting the movement of the sleeve relative to the cylinder, one of said stops ensuring registration of the openings in the sleeve with those in the cylinder.

9. In an apparatus comprising a frame, a cylinder, a free piston reciprocating in said cylinder, said cylinder being mechanically free to reciprocate with respect to said frame, and a distributing device for said cylinder, said device comprising ports in said cylinder and orifices in said frame, said ports and orifices being adapted to register at one point of each travel of the cylinder during the passage of the piston over said ports.

RAUL PATERAS PESCARA.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

Patent no. 1,657,641.

Granted January 31, 1928 to RAUL PATERAS PESCARA.

It is hereby'certitied that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Page 2, line 47,

for the word "condition" read "conditions", and lines 126 and 127, for "reread "regar and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Silmed and sealed this 21st day of February, A. D. 1928.

Seal.

M. J. Moore, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. l,657,64l. Granted January 31, 1928 to RAUL PATERAS PESCARA.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring'correction as follows: Page 2, line 47, for the word "condition" read "conditions", and lines 126 and 127, for "reward" read "regard"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Sizned and sealed this 21st day of February, A. D. 1928.

M. J. Moore,

Seal. Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

